The verdict, in one line. Buy the commodity layer (search, retrieval, productivity - a bought tool does most of the work up to L3-L4); build the thing that is your edge (the signal architecture, the eval infrastructure and the workflow that wraps the model). "The model can be bought, the workflow has to be built." The same line runs through a venture house's 2024-2026 thesis in other words - the durable product is the cognitive architecture around the model, and a copilot that sells the tool is a different business from an autopilot that sells the work; on this ladder that is the L4-to-L6 step. Below, pick a level to see the specific verdict, the lab capabilities pressing on it, and the tools that fit.

As of v90, 21 Oct 2026. Tallies computing from the tiles... What changed this build: no build↔buy migration and no verdict changed - no firm's level moved. The Maturity Matrix now places every firm from its tile, quant and HFT read as separate archetypes, and these tallies are computed from the tiles at load rather than typed.

Start here: where is the firm? Pick a level

The four-question test

    The general rule, across levels

    Buy at L1-L3 (the tools are commodities and the vendor market is deep). Build selectively at L4, where vendor tools hit their ceiling. Build at L5+, where the reorganised process itself is the edge and there is almost nothing to buy. Wait only where the lab roadmap is about to commoditise what you would build.

    Why: below L4 you are renting general-purpose capability every competitor can rent; at L5+ the moat is domain-trained models and redesigned workflow, which cannot be licensed. Read the per-level verdict above for the specifics.

    What to do at your level printable one-pager

    Considerations above the verdicts sourced essays; the mapping to this framework is ours

    Foundation models: what each is best for, how to use it, and its perimeter as of 4 Sep 2026; refresh with the capability tracker

    Model roadmap: now, next, later refresh quarterly; last set 4 Sep 2026

    The AI capabilities driving the verdicts refresh quarterly; last set 4 Sep 2026

    Wrapper test: red flags, about to be absorbed

      Wrapper test: real value, survives the next model

        Build this, buy that, by level